I-Fusarium wilt

Indlela yokuphatha ama-strawberries ezifweni

I-Garden strawberry iyimifino ehlala isikhathi eside ye-genus Strawberry emndenini wakwaRosy, indawo yokusatshalaliswa yiYurophu, ngaphandle kwethambeke kakhulu enyakatho nasenyakatho, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Kukhona isibalo esikhulu sezifo zensimu ye-sitrobheli. Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, udinga ukwazi izifo eziyisisekelo nezindlela zokubhekana nazo.

Kubalulekile! I-Strawberry ine-resistance ephawulekayo ye-frost, kodwa isaba kakhulu isomiso. Ukukhula nokukhula kwayo kubonakala kungcono ezimweni zobumnyama obuncane.

Indlela yokuphulukisa ama-strawberry kusuka kokubola

Kunezifo eziningi zensimu ye-strawberry, futhi ukwelashwa kwazo kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuvimbele ukutheleleka okukhulu futhi ulondoloze isivuno. Ngokuvamile kuthinta imibhede ye-sitrobheli ibole. Lesi sifo sinezinhlobo eziningana.

Imithi yokwelapha emangcwabeni

Okokuqala, amamaki afundane anamandla avela ebhokisini, ekhuphuka ngokushesha usayizi futhi efafazwa ngokuqhakaza kwemifula, khona-ke ingane ekhuthele kanye ne-peduncle iyoma, ilandelwe ngamachashaza amnyama noma asemnyama emaqabunga. Ukuze ukwelashwa, ukuphamba kwe-prophylactic ne-Bordeaux liquid kusetshenziswe entwasahlobo, futhi izingxenye ezigulayo zisuswa bese zishiswa ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwefungus engadini. Akufanele futhi ukhohlwe ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, ungavumeli izitshalo zigcwale, uhlale ukhula endaweni, futhi kufike isikhathi se-fruiting, umquba umhlabathi ngotshani nomquba, ukuze izithelo ezivuthiwe zingathinti phansi. Ngokuphindaphinda, izihlahla zizocutshungulwa ekwindla ukuhlanganisa umphumela.

Uyazi? I-Strawberry iyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuqinisa amasosha omzimba. Ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa izinto eziwusizo, isikhunta sokuqala esifubeni kufanele siphathwe ngokuphuthumayo.

Indlela yokulahla ukubola okumhlophe kwi-strawberries

I-agent enkulu ye-causative yalesi sifo yi-fungus okuthiwa i-ascomycete, echaphazela kakhulu amaqabunga namajikijolo. Izingxabano zakhe ziqhutshwa umoya. Ungabona ukubola okumhlophe ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, kanye nokuba khona komswakama ophezulu kanye nama-plantings aminyene. Esikhathini sokuvuna izithelo kanye ne-fluff emhlophe, amaqabunga alahlekelwa umbala wawo futhi asomile. Kungenzeka ukwelapha isitshalo ngosizo lokupuniza ngezindlela ezikhethekile ("Derozalom" noma isimo sawo). Kukhona nokuvikeleka okulula kakhulu kwama-strawberries ezivela ezifweni: ukuvimbela ukubola okumhlophe, zonke izitshalo ezigulayo kufanele zisuswe ngesikhathi, izitshalo ezifanele kuphela kufanele zitshalwe, imibhede kufanele ihlume kahle.

Imithi yokwelapha omnyama

Ukubola okumnyama kuthinta amajikijolo, okuyinto ngenxa yesifo, athola uboya obomvu, abe ngamanzi, alahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwawo, adle, bese ehlanganiswa okokuqala nge-colorless futhi kamuva konke ukuqhakaza okumnyama, okuyinto i-mycelium ye-fungus ne-sporangia eyakhelwe kuyo. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nomswakama angathuthukisa lesi sifo. Ukuze ugweme ukugula, ama-strawberries kufanele avikeleke elangeni nasemvula, futhi ekwindla kuhlelwe ukupakisha i-Ordan, entwasahlobo, uma kukhona ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamaqabunga, no-Euparen no-Switch.

Indlela yokubhekana nama-strawberry ama-wilting

Ngesibonakaliso sokuqala se-strawberries e-wilting, kufanele uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha, ubheke izindlela zokulima ezidingekayo.

Ukuphoqa okunamandla kwama-strawberries

Ukubomvu kwama-petioles ngezikhathi eziseduze nasekupheleni kwenkathi ekhulayo, indiza kanye nesitshalo sezinhlobo zezihlahla ziyizibonakaliso zalesi sifo. Okokuqala, amaqabunga aphansi asele aphelile, bese wonke amahlathi. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi lokhu kwenzeka ngejubane lokukhanyisa; inhlabathi enomhlabathi neyesihlabathi isinciphisa le nqubo. Esimweni esingapheli se-verticillary wilting, amaqabunga abambezeleka ekuthuthukiseni, futhi inani labo liyancipha kakhulu.

Kukhona uhlelo olukhethekile lokucubungula ama-strawberry kusuka ezifweni:

  1. Ukuvikela amajikijolo akukwaziswa ukutshala izinhlobo ezifakwe kulolu hlobo lwesifo, ezindaweni lapho usanda kutshalwa utamatisi, amazambane, amakhabe, ama-blackberries, isitshalo seqanda. Lezi zitshalo zitholakala kulesi sifo.
  2. Ukuze i-strawberries ekhulayo, inhlabathi evundile, evundiwe kahle ifanelekile, kodwa izindawo eziphansi nezindawo ezinomdlandla kakhulu kufanele zigweme.
  3. Izithombo ezivivinywa kuphela eziphikisana kahle ne-bacteria Verticillium zitshalwe enhlabathini engcolile, enye yezindlela ezingcono zokulawula i-wilting. Uma izinhlobo zingakwazi ukulimaza, kufanele kusetshenziswe inhlabathi ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale, okuzosiza ukuqeda izinambuzane emhlabathini, ukhula ngisho nembewu yabo, amabhaktheriya abathwala izifo, isikhunta, njll. Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kunikezwa isisombululo se-chloropicrin engu-33%. futhi i-66% ye-methyl bromide.

Phytophthora wilt

Kubonakala ekubuyiselweni kwe-cylinder yezimpande, kusakazwa yizimbewu ezigulayo nenhlabathi esele ingcolisiwe. Okokuqala, amaqabunga aphansi aboma, khona-ke i-axial cylinder yesitshalo sesitshalo ithola umbala obomvu, futhi ukunyamala nokufa kwezinqubo ezincane kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa.. Ezinyathweni zokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukucubungula izimpande ze-strawberry kwisisombululo se- "Fundazole" ngaphambi kokutshala. Kudingeka ukuthi kwenziwe ukwelashwa kwama-strawberries ngesifo. Ukuze ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezifanele "Ridomil" no "Kvadris". Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukutshala ama-strawberry emhlabathini lapho amazambane ayekhulile khona ngaphambili. Emva kwenqubo yokutshala, fafaza nge-fungicides - i-Fitosporin ne-Extrasol izokwenza. Futhi, izithombo azikwazi ukutshala endaweni encane ukusuka komunye nomunye, okungenani ama-40 cm.

Kubalulekile! Naphezu kokuthi ama-strawberries abhekwa njengama-berries amnandi, okuqukethwe okweshukela kuwo kunaphansi kwelamula.

I-Fusarium wilt

I-fungus ihlasela isitshalo se-strawberry ngokuphelele, ukufa kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-45. I-Fusarium wilting ithatha isitshalo ehlobo ngokufaka izithombo ezithintekile ensimini. I-ovary yamagciwane yeka ukukhula, amaqabunga abuna futhi afe. Ama-strawberries kufanele aphethwe ngokuthi "Fundazol" no "Trikhoderma", futhi inhlabathi kufanele iphathwe "Nitrafen". Ngaphambi kokutshala, cwilisa izimpande zezitshalo kwisisombululo se- "Gumate-K", futhi ugeze umhlaba nge-potassium oxide.

Kungani amabala avela emaqabunga e-sitrobheli

Amachashaza emaqabunga e-sitrobheli akhuluma ngokulimala kwesitshalo yi-fungi ehlukahlukene.

Indawo emhlophe

Isifo esanele esingavamile. Kulimaza kabi amaqabunga, izimbali kanye neziqu zama-strawberries. Ama-spores e-fungal asakazwa kanye namanzi, amafomu amancane ama-brown amaqabunga emaqabunga enomgodla omhlophe, ozophela ngemva kwesikhathi futhi imbobo ibonakala endaweni yayo. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa nge-"Switch" ne "Euparin", kodwa ukuze ugweme ukubukeka kwesifo, kuyadingeka ukuba uchithe amahlumela ngemithi equkethe ithusi ukuze uqale i-ovary. Susa njalo izitshalo ezigulayo. Ngaphambi kwezimbali, kuyadingeka ukucubungula 3-4% i-Bordeaux liquid; kulabo abazibuzayo, ukuthi benzani ama-strawberries ekwindla - ukuqhuba kabusha le nqubo ngemuva kokuphela kwe-fruiting.

Indawo emnyama

Lesi sifo sizoletha izinkinga eziningi, uma ungaqali ngesikhathi sokulungisa inkinga. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kwenzeka ngoJulayi - Agasti, ngokuvamile amaqabunga ahlupheka, amachibi amancane ama-mustti nama-petioles. Amabala amakhulu avela emaqabungeni, ama-sineyy kanye nama-angular shape, ekuqaleni ebomvu amnyama, bese ethatha umbala obomvu. Amapayipi ama-puffy ahlakazekile ebusweni bawo - izidumbu zezithelo ze-causative agent yalesi sifo, ekugcineni ziqhamuka, kanti nezinhlamvu ezinamaqabunga ezomile zibonisa. Ukuvuthwa kwe-fungus, okungenza kube lula ukuxilongwa, kuyanyamalala, futhi amahlamvu anika umbono wokumiswa. Amachashazi emiswini nasezintsheni kuncane kakhulu, ahluzekile futhi angatheli izithelo.

Amagatsha amancane kuma-petioles kanye nama-whiskers, acindezelekile kancane, ngaphandle kokutholakala kwe-fruiting ebonakalayo, kodwa futhi abe obomvu. Amazinga okushisa afudumele afaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwefungus. Ama-spores awakhiwa ngokuqinile kokubili ekukhanyeni futhi engekho. Ukutheleleka kuthathwa umswakama obandayo, okwenza kube lula ukuthi izimpukane ze-spore ezomile ndawonye, ​​futhi ngenxa yalokho, zihamba emoyeni. Ngokuyinhloko ukutheleleka kuvela engxenyeni engezansi yesitshalo, kanti isikhathi sokugxilonga sisuka ezinsukwini ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-10. Izakhiwo ziphathwa ngokuthi "Fundazol"; njengokuqapha, kuyadingeka ukuba uphefe ama-strawberries entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokutshala i-Bordeaux ingxube.

Uyazi? I-Strawberry yiyona berry kuphela emhlabeni, imbewu yayo ekhona ngaphandle, hhayi ngaphakathi.

Indlela yokwelapha ama-strawberries kusuka ku-powdery isikhutha

Lesi sifo sibonakala ngesimo sombala omhlophe emaceleni omabili amaqabunga. Ngokwemvelo kushiya ukukhula kuyeka ngokungazelelwe, kuba mnandi futhi kugoqa emaphethelweni maphakathi, okufanayo kwenzeka nge amadevu sitrobheli, futhi futhi curliness of amaqabunga isici. Umoya oshisayo omswakama ukwandisa lesi sifo. Njengoba izinyathelo zokulawula entwasahlobo, lapho amaqabunga ekhula, ahlanjululwa nge-fungicide, futhi uma izibonakaliso zesifo zivela, ziphathwa nge-Readzole ngemuva kokuvuna.

Ukufafaza amaqabunga ngo-3% we-urea ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nokupuniza ngesisombululo se-boron ngesikhathi sokuvuna njalo kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4 kuzoba yi-feed enhle kakhulu ye-sitrobheli. Lokhu kuzosiza ekwakheni izithelo zesikhathi esizayo, kanye nokwanda kobukhulu bama-ovary namajikijolo.

Nakekela ama-strawberries akho, ungazinaki izifo ezikhulayo, futhi uzokubonga ngokukhululekile isivuno esihle.