Izithelo ezimnandi, ezinobucayi noma eziluhlaza, ezicebile kakhulu, ezithinta ushukela sekuyisikhathi eside zibhekwa njengezithelo ezizithandayo kakhulu. Iphakathi uletha umuzwa wokugcwala, futhi ushukela wakhe ushukela nje uyancibilika emlonyeni wakho. Iningi lezinhlobo ze-pear liyaziwa, kepha enye yezinhlobonhlobo zezintandokazi yi-Lada pear ehlukahlukene. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezici ezikhethekile zokukhula kulokhu okuhlukahlukene, ngakho konke okuhlobene nokunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-Lada.
Izici kanye nezinzuzo zikaLada
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zepayari le-Lada yilezi ezihlukahlukene zingenye yezokuqala. Umuthi ubukhulu obuphakathi nohlobo lomqhele we-pyramidal. Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zamapheya okuqala, amagxolo aseLada anombala ompunga obala, futhi isiqu somuthi omncane siwuhlaza obomvu. Ama-leaf stalks afana nobukhulu obuphakathi, 1.5-3 cm, iqabunga ngokwalo liyi-oval, elidwetshwe ngombala obomvu okhanyayo.
Lada flower in umbala omncane, eqoqwe inflorescences of 6-8 izingcezu. Izithelo ze-Lada pear zincane, zenziwe ngamaqanda. Isisindo esilinganisweni sesithelo esisodwa singu--100-110 g, isikhumba esithelweni ngumbala ophuzi okhanyayo, onobunzima. Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zalezi zihlukahlukene ukuthi izithelo zivuthwe kakhulu kakhulu ekuqaleni kwehlobo, futhi zingahlala esihlahleni kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa liwehla ku-0 °.
Uyazi? Igama elithi Grusha Lada litholwe ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezici zezinye izinhlobo ezimbili: izinhlobo ze-Olga nezinhlobo ze-Forest Beauty.
Inyama ye-peyari i-granular ekuthungeni, ngokunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu kunomusa futhi kunomsoco okhanyayo, ongahlosile. Izithelo ziqukethe amavithamini amaningi, zondla kakhulu futhi zinomsoco.
Inzuzo enkulu yi-hardiness ebusika ephezulu ye-Lada ezihlukahlukene, kanye nokuthi i-pear cishe ayinaso izifo.
Izici zokufika
Uma ufuna ukufeza izivuno eziphakeme kakhulu zamapheya e-Lada, khona-ke udinga ukuqala ukunakekelwa lokhu kusukela ngesikhathi usitshala umuthi. Mayelana nazo zonke izinkinga ze-inqubo, sizoqhubeka.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo zokutshala
Ukuze umuthi wakho unamathele, abalimi bayancoma ukusebenzisa izithombo ezincane eziphendukile unyaka noma ezimbili. Uma isitsha sesitsha sineminyaka engu-3 ubudala, kunengozi yokuthi ngeke yamukelwe.
Kubalulekile! Enye yezimo eziyinhloko zokukhethwa kwezithombo kuyoba ukuqina kwe-trunk nombala wayo omubala obomvu.
Uma i-trunk ye-seedling ingaphenduli, noma kunamaphutha asebenzayo kuyo, kungcono ukulahla leso sembewu. Futhi, lapho ukhetha ukutshala impahla, kufanele uhambisane nezinye izindlela ezihlobene nesimiso sezimpande: izimpande zawo kufanele zithuthukiswe kahle futhi azikho (ngisho kancane) izimpawu zokubola, ukulimala noma izifo.
Ngomsila onempilo, izimpande ziyoba zikhulu futhi zikhulu, okungenani 20-25 cm ubude.
Lapho ukutshala
Lada amapheya angatshala kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Akukho ubunye phakathi kwabalimi kule ndaba. Ngokuvamile, leli peyara litshalwe ekwindla - le nqubo kufanele yenziwe kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.
Ukukhulisa i-Lada pear entwasahlobo kusikisela ukuthi kufanele itshalwe ngaphambi kokuqala kukaMeyi, kanti amaqabunga angakaqali, ukuze isitshalo singathatha izimpande ngaphambi kokushisa kwezulu. Yiqiniso, abalimi abaningi batusa ukutshala ekwindla: Izimpande ezithandekayo zifometha ngokushesha ngalesi sikhathi ngoba inhlabathi iyomanzi.
Indlela yokukhetha nokulungisa indawo yokufika
Kungcono ukutshala ipeyari endaweni ekhanyayo endaweni ebanzi: kungcono ukhethe eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga yensimu yakho. Indawo kufanele ikhanyiswe ngentshiseko okungenani amahora angu-10, noma kunjalo, uma i-pear isetshenziswa ngaphansi kwelanga eliqondile eliqondile, khona-ke ukumile kuphela, ukuphuza nokuphunga amaqabunga kungatholakala.
Ngakho-ke, esiqongweni selanga umuthi ungcono kakhulu ku-pritenyat. Ngokuqondene nenhlabathi, i-pear ayiyona inhlanhla, kodwa okukhethwa kukho okuhlukahlukene kuzoba yihlabathi elimnyama, i-loamy, i-chestnut ne-gray forest, enezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuswakama. Ipeyari kumele ifihlwe emaphethelweni nasemimoya ebandayo.
Uma endaweni ozoyihlwanyela kuyo umuthi, inhlabathi ingumbumba, isimo singalungiswa ngokuhlunga inhlabathi ngomquba noma i-peat. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu uma ukhetha futhi ulungiselela isayithi kuba khona kwamanzi, ngoba leli peari alinakubekezelela ukujula kwamanzi isikhathi eside.
Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutshala, udinga ukulungisa umgodi wokugibela ngobubanzi buka-70-80 cm nobubanzi buka-60 cm, ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlalo kufanele libe ngamamitha angu-1-2.
- Thela ama-humus noma umquba emgodini wokugibela phansi, ungaphinde uthule i-peat.
- Emgodini enegundane, qoqa phansi bese uqhuba isikhonkwane.
- Egqumeni udinga ukubeka ngokucophelela insimu, uqondise izimpande ngesimo se-fan.
- Nciphisa isithombo ngenhlabathi phezulu, kodwa ukuze intamo impande ithinte 5-7 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi.
- Bamba isithombo nge-trunk bese uyigwedeza izikhathi eziningana ukuze ugcwalise ukungabi nalutho phakathi kwezimpande.
- Tamp umhlabathi ezungeze isithombo.
- Sapling the trunk ukubopha isikhonkwane.
- Endaweni lapho uhlanyela khona imbewu, yenza umgodi ongajulile, uchithe isitshalo.
- Ukuthungatha isiteshi nge-humus noma i-peat.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokutshala, i-root system ye-pear iphathwa nge-potassium permanganate, ukuze ilahlwe izimpande, futhi ihlole ukuthi imonakalo kanye nezifo zingasetshenziswa kanjani, izimpande ezilimazayo zingacutshungulwa ngokugubha indawo yokusika ngamalahle.Izinhlobo ze-pollinator eliphakathi kweLada: "Isikhala, Northerner, Chizhovskaya, Rogneda, Otradnenskaya. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukutshala izitshalo ezincane eduze kwezihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Ukuze umuthi ujabule ngezithelo ezimnandi futhi ube nempilo, udinga ukunakekelwa. Ukunakekela izinhlobo zeLada kulula futhi kuqukethe izigaba eziningana kuphela, okulandela ukuthi awukwazi ukuthola kuphela izithelo ezinempilo, kodwa futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yabo. Manje sizohlaziya lezi zigaba.
Indlela yokuphuza
Ipeyari ayinayo amanzi anele njalo kusuka emanzini angaphansi komhlaba noma emvula. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kudinga ukuchelela okwengeziwe. Uma isomiso endaweni yakho sephuzile, kufanele udle ikhasi eliphakathi kwezinga lamabhakethi amathathu ngehora elilodwa lesikwele. Ngale ndlela udinga ukukhipha ikhasi eliphakathi kwesikhathi sokukhula esisebenzayo kakhulu - ekupheleni kuka-Agasti.
Uma ikhasi lakho elimhlophe lisencane ngokwanele, udinga ukuliphuza kaningi kunomuthi omdala. Kulesi simo, lesi sitshalo sinisela embuthanweni, sidonwe ngefosholo, ehlanganiswa ngaleso sikhathi.
Ekwindla yesikhatsi sekwindla idinga amandla, ngakho-ke iyancibilikiswa ngaphambi kobusika. Ukunisela kanye ngesonto (uma inhlabathi ingamanzi kakhulu) kuyokwanela.
Kubalulekile! Indlela engcono yokuphuza i-Lada pear ifafaze. Le ndlela iwukuba ukuphonsa amanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi eqinile emoyeni ezungeze lesi sitshalo.
Zingaphindwa kangakanani ukudla
Umbono wokuthi leli peyari kufanele londliwe kusukela ngesikhathi sokuduka kuyiphutha, ngoba ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izimpande zeLada zisanelise ngokwanele izakhi. Kodwa kakade kusuka ku-2, futhi kusukela eminyakeni emi-3 udinga ukwenza umquba wamapheya. Umanyolo weLada usetshenziswa ezinyathelweni ezintathu:
Isinyathelo sokuqala ebanjwe entwasahlobo. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwe-bud, ingxenye yokuqala yomanyolo isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesitshalo esizayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa ukugqoka okulandelayo: 90 g we-urea idinga ukuchithwa ngamalitha angu-7 amanzi bese uphuza umuthi emjikelezweni wokunisela.
Uyazi? Umphumela we-urea ufana nomphumela wesisombululo somquba wezinkukhu, futhi lezi zixazululo ezimbili zingashintsha kalula.Ukugqoka i-Spring nakho kusho ukukhulelwa ngemva kokuba isihlahla sesiphelile. Lapha ungasebenzisa i-nitroammofosku ku-1: 200. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa ungakwazi ukuthulula amabhakede angaphezu kuka-3 alolu hlobo.
Izikhathi ezimbili Isitshalo sondliwa ehlobo, futhi ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sikholwa nge-potassium ne-phosphorus foliar. Uma usutholile noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kwesitshalo esihlahleni, kungasetshenziswa isisombululo somquba, i-mullein ngemva kwamasonto amabili kunokudla okuphephile.
Kwesithathu kanti umanyolo wokugcina umanyolo usetshenziselwa ukuwa ukulungiselela ikhasi elibhakabhaka. Isondlo kumele siqale lapho wonke amahlamvu ewile. Isixazululo esihle sokudla sizoba: 15 g we-potassium chloride kanye no-35 g we-superphosphate ku-granules kufanele ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ingxenye eyodwa yokugqoka okunjalo isetshenziselwa imitha eyi-square. Kungenzeka ukwengeza elinye i-150 g yomlotha ngamamitha ayizikwele emhlabathini.
Ukukhipha izihlahla nini futhi kanjani
Ukudubula, okuhloswe ekwakheni ifomu elihle nelungile lomqhele, kwenziwa kuphela eminyakeni emine yokuqala. Kamuva, lapho umuthi ukhula, ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa ukuze kuvuselelwe isitshalo bese ususa amahlumela aphethwe yisifo.
I-Lada izikhonkwane ezidayiswayo zinconywa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Amagatsha okuthela izihlahla ukuze asuse ama-foci nezifo nokuvimbela kwawo. Futhi ususe lawo magatsha abamba umqhele, angawavumeli ukuba ukhule.
Inqubo yokuqothula ngokwayo iyenziwa ngezingubo ezibukhali, ngokunyakaza okusheshayo nokusheshayo ukuze kugweme ukulimala okwengeziwe emagqumeni nasegwini. Izigaba ezinamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-1.5 kufanele ziphathwe nge-pitch engadini noma zihlutswe ngelahle elichotshoziwe.
Isikhathi sokuvuna nokugcina izitshalo
Isithelo sokuqala se-pear sizokulethela kakade iminyaka engu-2-4. Ngokuvamile izithelo zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti futhi zihlala egatsheni isikhathi eside. Kuze kube ngu-50 kg wezithelo ezinempilo kanye nezithelo eziphezulu zingaqoqwa emthini owodwa.
Ukuqoqa izithelo kangcono esimweni esomile. Izithelo kudingeka zikhethwe egatsheni kanye nesiqu, zihlungwe futhi zibekwe ebhokisini lezingodo noma eplastiki. Ukuvuna akugcinwa isikhathi eside, kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-60 ekushiseni kwe-0 °, ngakho-ke kungcono ukhethe indawo eyomile kepha epholile yokugcina.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi izithelo ngokwabo emabhokisini kungcono ukuthi zingathinti kakhulu ukuze zigweme ukulimala komshini. Ngesikhathi esifanele kufanele ihlolwe uma kukhona amapheya aqala ukubola, noma "ayagula", izithelo ezinjalo kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha ebhokisini.
Ekuthuthweni kwamapheya, izinhlobo ze-Lada aziphikisi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele zihanjiswe ngokucophelela nangokucophelela.
Ngidinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika
Iphakathi - imithi engabandeki, lapho umuntu esemdala engakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa kuze kube ku -30 ° C. Ngokukhethekile kahle udinga ukunakekela izihlahla ezincane ngaphambi ebusika, zidinga indawo yokuhlala.
Kuze kube ngumuthi oneminyaka engama-4 ubudala ebusika kungcono ukumboza iphepha. Izihlahla ezincane ngeke ziphazamise indawo yokukhosela yezimpande esisekelweni salo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza umquba womhlabathi ngamalahle emgqeni we-15-20 cm.
Ukuze uvikele izihlahla ezindala, kusetshenziswe isembozo sezinga elikhethekile, futhi inqwaba yeqhwa ihlanganiswe esihlahleni, esizovikela impande.
Amapheya akhula - le nqubo ilula, kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba ukhiphe ukunakekelwa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, kanti uLada uzonikeza izithelo zoshukela ezimnandi ezizokuthokozisa nge-autumn chills yokuqala.
