Ukuthola isitshalo esicebile samakhukhamba ensimini ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu esingalindelekile cishe umsebenzi ongenakwenzeka.
Ngakho-ke, abalimi abaningi bemifino bazikhethela ukhetho lokukhukhamba kwamakhukhamba ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.
Kodwa-ke, ngale ndlela, kuzuzisa ukufunda imithetho eyisisekelo nokufunda izimfihlo zokuthola inani eliphezulu lezithelo ngesikhathi sehlobo.
Ukukhetha ibanga elifanele
Ngisho nokubekwa kokushisa okuhle endaweni yayo, abalimi abathile bemifino abakwazi ukuthola izivuno ezinhle ezihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo. Into yileyo Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zamakhukhamba ezifanele ukukhula endaweni yokushisa.
Kodwa ngaphambi kokukhetha izinhlobo ezithile zekhukhamba for the greenhouse, udinga ukunquma ukuthi yini ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe: ukuthola ukukhiqizwa kokuqala, isivuno esikhulu esivela kumitha eyodwa yokutshala noma ukudla emifino entsha kuze kube seqhwa.
Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, izidingo ezithile zifakwe kulezi zinto:
- izinhlobo zokuqala yi-Zozulya, Masha F1, Hector. Lezi zinhlobo ziyi-ultra-fast. Izithelo zabo zokuqala ziqala ukwakha ngosuku lwamashumi amane emva kokuhluma;
- izithelo eziningi izinhlobo ezihlonziwe Tumi, isibindi, Cupid. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, lezi zinhlobo zithela kufike ku-30 -40 kg ngayinye indawo yokutshala;
- ukuze kukhona ukhukhamba kuya efrijinikufanele itshalwe kuMarinda, Martha, Graceful, Bully;
- Ibanga le-Athena F1 linikeza izitshalo ezinkulu ngisho nasezimo eziphansi.
Ukuzikhethela kokukhukhamba okukhulayo ku-abamba ukushisa kuyilungiselelo labo endaweni ehlanganisiwe noma ilungiselelo phakathi kwemigqa. Kufanele sikhethe izinhlobo nge-branching ebuthakathaka, ngoba ayisebenzisi imizamo eminingi ekubunjweni kweqabunga futhi zihlukaniswa ukwakheka okusheshayo kwezithelo. Ngaphandle kwalokho Izinhlobo ze-branching ezinamandla endaweni yokushisa evaliwe zizokwenza shadinglokho kuzolimaza isivuno.
Isigaba sesibili sokukhetha ezihlukahlukene self-impova. Esikhathini esiphezulu, ukuvota impova ngosizo lwezinambuzane ngeke kwenzeke, futhi ngeke ulinde isivuno emakhukheni we-bee-pollinated. Yiqiniso, ungakwazi ukufunda ngokwemvelo ukwenza impova yokubumba. Kodwa kubalimi akunakwenzeka, ngoba le nqubo isidla isikhathi futhi isikhathi esiningi.
Ababelethi baletha izinhlobo eziningi ze-i-self-pollinated ikhukhamba. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zibizwa ngokuthi i-parthenokarpiki, futhi zihloselwe ukutshala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Ama-ovary phezu kwawo akhiwa ngaphandle kokuvota, okungukuthi, ukwakheka kwezithelo, ukudluliswa kwempova akudingeki.
Akunakwenzeka ukukhetha uhlobo olulodwa lwezinkamba eziphezulu zokushisa. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo njengamanje zikhulu kakhulu, futhi umlimi ngamunye wemifino angakhetha kalula ukuthi ufaneleke kakhulu, egxile ekunambeni kwemifino kanye nezici zayo zangaphandle. I-Hercules, Farmer, Annushka - zonke lezi zinhlobo ziyizinhlanzi, zihlukaniswa nokuphikiswa kwezifo eziningi, isivuno esikhulu, ukubekezelelana komthunzi.
KUBALULEKILE! Ama-hybrid akhule ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo azifanelekile ukuqoqa imbewu. Ngakho-ke, uthenge imbewu entsha minyaka yonke.
Ukukhetha i-greenhouse
Izitshalo zokugcina izithombo zihluke ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zokugcina, okokuqala, ngokuphakama kwazo, ngakho-ke ukuklama kwazo kufanele kucatshangwe ngale ndlela ukwenza izitshalo zikhululekile ukuzinakekela.
Ngokuklama, izindawo zokugcina izithombo zamakhukhamba zingaba zikwele noma zibe yingxenyana, ngokuphakama - ukuphakama okuphansi nokuphakathi.
Engxenyeni engenhla ye-greenhouse ingaba i-odnoskatnoy, i-gable, ephukile. Okulula kunazo zonke ukuklama okukhona ikhono lokuvula uphahla.
Izisekelo zokugcina izithombo zenziwe ngensimbi noma ngokhuni. Izithombo zokugcina ezidumile ezisekelweni lensimbi yensimbi, zifakwa ekujuleni okujulile emhlabathini.
Isigqoko esisetshenzisiwe ifilimu ye-polyethylene, impahla engeyona eboshwe.
Isimo esikhulu ngokukhetha ikhava yokushisa yi-toput-lightput. Ikhukhamba yokuvuthwa idinga isibalo esanele sokukhanya.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezinto kufanele zibe mnandi ngokwanele ukuvikela izitshalo ezithisa ukushisa ezivela emoyeni nasezingxenyeni. Kubaluleke kakhulu kule mifino nokuvikelwa kusukela ekuseni, amazolo abanda.
Indlela yokukhulisa ukhukhamba zakuqala?
Amakhukhamba akhula endaweni yokushisa akuyona umsebenzi onzima kangaka. Kodwa namanje udinga ukulandela imithetho embalwa elula.
Indlela yokwenza imibhede?
Imfihlo yokuvuna kokuqala kwamakhukhamba kubamba lokushisa yilona ilungiselelo elikhethekile lemibhede. Kuyafaneleka ukuqala ukulima kwabo ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa liphuma phansi kusayithi.
Ukuze ukukhanya okungcono izitshalo ukushisa unelisekile ngokubeka entshonalanga-empumalanga. Uma ubeka isimo sezulu esifudumele ngosuku lwefilimu sisuswa ohlangothini oluseningizimu, futhi ukhukhamba uzothola ilanga eliphakeme.
KUBALULEKILE! Ezinsukwini ezishisayo, indawo yokukhosela kufanele isuswe nakanjani, ukuze ukhukhamba ingashiswa.
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokukhula ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa - idivayisi yokufika kwabo "imibhede efudumele". Lokhu kuzovumela imifino ukuba itshalwe emhlabathini ngosuku oludlule, okusho ukutholakala kokuvuna kokuqala.
Kusukela emathanjeni akhiwe ngobude obufunayo, susa ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba kumafosholo amabili e-bayonet. Ingqimba engaphansi kuka-20-30 cm usayizi igcwele utshani, ifani noma amagatsha amancane. Lokhu kugcwaliswa kuzothatha ukushisa okukhulu ngenyanga, okuzokwenza ukufudumala kwezitshalo. Ukwandisa izinga lokubola futhi ukwandise izinga lokushisa lokushisa, umquba ubeka phezu kwalolu ungqimba ngobuningi obungqimba buka-15-20 cm.. Phezulu kwesendlalelo sokufudumala efafazwe nge-lime-fluff, ukunciphisa ama-asidi.
Emgodini ofudumele ohlangene ufane nomhlabathi ovuliwe ngaphambili. Embhede bathulula lonke inhlabathi, benza umbhede ophezulu. Inqubo yokukhukhamba ikhukhamba, umhlaba uzohlala u-20-30%, ngoba i-substrate izokwenyuka futhi iyancipha ekuphakameni.
Ngakho-ke umbhede oshisayo olungiselelwe imifino uzosebenza njengesheatri kanye nesendlalelo esinomsoco kubo. Isitshalo samakhukhamba embhedeni ofudumele izikhathi eziningi kudlula ukutshala okuvamile.
Ukuze uthole izinkuni ezengeziwe zokudla ngomlingo we-50 gr. imitha eyodwa yesikwele, superphosphate 150 gr., potassium sulphate - 50 gr.
Isithombo noma inhlabathi?
Umbuzo wokuthi kufanele uhlwanye ukhukhamba wezithombo ekhaya, bese uzihlwanyela endaweni yokushisa ayinayo impendulo ecacile.
Lo mifino unesimiso sezintambo ezibuthakathaka esabela kabi ekufakeni isitshalo. Izinwele ezisondayo ezondla isitshalo azivuseleli uma ziphuka, futhi ikhukhamba iqala ukutholwa umswakama kuphela uma izitshalo zikhula, ngakho-ke izithombo zihluma kabi. Kodwa uma usenquma ukuthola isivuno amasonto ambalwa ngaphambili, ungazama.
Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ezinkomeni ngaphandle kwesisekelo, ukuze ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwesitshalo ungacindezela lesi sitshalo kanye ne-cloth earthy ibe kuhle kahle. Ungasebenzisa izindebe zephephandaba, izwe elingakhulumi izimpande kumaphephandaba.
Amaphephandaba aqoshiwe noma izindebe ezingenayo i-bottom fit tightly ebhokisini bese ugcwalisa inhlabathi. Ungasebenzisa inhlabathi ekhethekile eyenziwe ngomumo okwenziwe ithanga. Ingxube yenziwe kusuka izingxenye ezimbili zomhlabathi, ingxenye eyodwa ye-peat nengxenye yesihlabathi.
Gcwalisa imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela emanzini uphuthele ku-45-50 degrees kanye nokwengezwa kwesilinganiso esincane se-potassium permanganate (isixazululo kufanele sibe medium-pink). Le nqubo izosiza ukukhipha imishanguzo yezinambuzane futhi iwushise ukuhluma okungcono.
Imbewu evuthayo ingcwatshwa ngamacu 2 cm, ibhokisi limbozwe nge-foil bese lifakwa endaweni efudumele. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, amahlumela okuqala azovela.
KUBALULEKILE! Khipha ngokushesha ifilimu ebhokisini, uma nje ubona amahlumela okuqala.
Lindela isikhathi lapho amaqabunga e-cotyledon azovuleka ngokugcwele futhi anciphise izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe kwembewu kuze kube ngu-180 ukuze amahlumela angaboni. Namanzi izithombo kufanele zibe yincani yamanzi afudumele. Ngemuva kokuvela kwala maqabunga, umthamo wetshezi ngesikhathi ukwanda kwamanzi. Phakathi nokulima, izithombo zondliwa izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu.
Inqubo ebalulekile yezithombo ezikhulayo kuyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukhukhamba lwangaphakathi ngaphandle kokukhathala, ungabekezelelani ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezimo ukulima.
Ukuze ukhukhamba ojwayele ukuhamba embusweni ophansi wezinga lokushisa. Ungavula ama-winds, uphathe amabhokisi ebhodini. Ngaphakathi amahora ebusuku ubusika obukhulu yi-15-16 degrees.
Nini ukuzofika?
Imigomo yokutshala ikhukhamba izithombo ku-greenhouse zibaluleke kakhulu ukuthola isivuno sokuqala. Ubudala bezithombo zokutshala endaweni yokushisa kufanele kube izinsuku ezingu-20-25. Ngesikhathi sokutshala inhlabathi kufanele ifudumele kufikele ku-16-18 degrees, kwenzeka cishe maphakathi no-Meyi.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ungakwazi ukuhlwanyela ukhukhamba ngqo ku-greenhouse. Uma umbhede oshisayo ulungiselelwe, khona-ke ungahlwanyela imifino amaviki amabili ngaphambili. Ukuhlwanyela emithonjeni kulungiselelwe futhi kufakwe kuwo kanye imbewu 2-3. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa lapho ukufika kufanele kube kusuka kumunye kuya komunye umitha nengxenye, futhi ngokulandelana izitshalo zitshalwe 20-30 cm ngaphandle.
Uma ukhula izithombo ezinkomishi zephephandaba, udinga ukususa phansi kubo bese ubeka ihlumela emgodini kanye nezindonga. Gcwalisa izimpande zephephandaba elimanzi kalula, futhi ukufika okunjalo ngeke kubonakaliswe. Izinkomishi zePlastiki zifakwa emgodini futhi, ziphethe i-clod yomhlaba ngesandla, okwesibili isusa ngokucophelela ingilazi phezulu.
Ngemuva kokutshala izithombo zekhukhamba endaweni yokushisa noma yokuhlwanyela imbewu, imithombo ifakwe amanzi futhi kumele ihlanganiswe ukuze ivikeleke ekubunjweni kwe-crust. Ukuvimbela ukukhula kokhula ku phakathi kwemigqa inhlabathi ihlanganiswe nefilimu emnyama noma indwangu ye-opaque. Le nqubo iyadingeka, njengalokhu kukhula kokhula okweluhlaza okweluhlaza phakathi kwemigqa lapho ikhukhamba ikhula khona kuyinkinga.
Sakha amahlathi
Ukhukhamba, uma ukhulile ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ungakhula ngokunyanyisa emhlabathini noma uboshwe ifreyimu.
Inhloso ye-garter iyisiqondiso sokukhula kwemivimbo emishayo, ukuze ingabe isakaze ngaphesheya kwemingcele yamagquma.
Isithombo esiyinhloko se-cucumber pinch emva kweqabunga lesihlanu likhula. Ngemuva kokuphoqa lesi sitshalo kuqala ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela aso.
Ukuphoqa okudingekayo. Njengoba ama-ovari wezithelo asungulwa ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulinganayo.
Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nokuthi ungakhula kanjani ukhukhamba zakudala endaweni yokushisa, ungabona futhi uzwe kule vidiyo:
Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukufudumala kwebamba lokushisa?
Uma umcamelo ofudumele ungenziwa esitokisini sakho sokushisa, ungakwazi ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa kulo usebenzisa amasu ambalwa:
- Poultice. Lenziwa emva kokuchelela ekuseni. Ukuphuza lesi sitshalo, ukushisa okushisa kuvala amahora amabili entwasahlobo kanye nengxenye yehora ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa elitheni lokushisa liyakhula kakhulu, okubangela ukukhula kwamakhukhamba.
- Ukusetshenziswa kokushisa kwelanga. Okuyinhloko yale ndlela ukuvumela ukushisa kube yibamba lokushisa hhayi ukuyiyeka. Ukugcinwa kunika ikhwalithi yezinto ezisetshenziselwa indawo yokukhosela kanye nendawo yesakhiwo. Kumele ibe yindilinga futhi ifakwe ngendlela yokuthi ikhanyiswe ilanga kusukela ohlangothini oluseningizimu. Udonga olusenyakatho lwe-greenhouse kufanele lumbozwe ngesilonda noma indwangu e-opaque. Kulokhu, ukushisa okuvela eningizimu ngeke kushiye isakhiwo.
- Amanzi asebhodini. Amabhodlela epulasitiki agcwele ngamanzi futhi agcinwe nxazonke zendawo yokushisa, ngoba ukuzinza kungcwatshwa kancane emhlabathini. Emini, amanzi ashisa elangeni. Futhi ebusuku, ekhuphuka, inikeza ukushisa ezitshalweni.
Zonke lezi zindlela ezilula zizokusiza ukuba uthole izithelo eziphakeme kakhulu zamakhukhamba kubamba lokushisa esiteshini ngaphandle kwezindleko ezibonakalayo eziphezulu.
