Isitshalo semifino

Abathandekayo yizitamatisi eziningi namakhukhamba - kungenzeka yini ukubahlanye ndawonye? Ama-gardeners amathiphu

Ngokuvamile, abalimi kufanele bahlanganise endaweni yabo encane noma isiko lokubamba ukushisa okunezidingo ezahlukene zokunakekelwa nezimo zezulu. Omunye wabo yi-tomato namakhukhamba.

Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle uma etshalwe ndawonye, ​​udinga ukucabangela ama-nuances amaningi okuxoxwa ngawo kulesi sihloko. Kungenzeka futhi kuyadingeka ukutshala ndawonye, ​​ukuthi ungenze kanjani ngokufanele isivuno esihle - funda.

Kungenzeka yini ukutshala lezi zitshalo eziseduze?

Abalimi abaningi abaphakamisi ukukhula eduze kwezitshalo zemifino ezinjengamakhukhamba kanye notamatisi. Ukungalingani kwabo kusobala:

  1. Ikhukhamba yasekhaya yiNdiya yakudala. Njenga-congener yomlando, ikhukhamba ikhetha ilanga, lifudumele, kodwa hhayi isimo sezulu esishisayo. Noma kunjalo, kuyinto ekhetheke kakhulu ngomswakama womoya nomhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, le mifino idinga ukuchelela njalo. Ukuze ikhukhamba, ukuqhuma okungapheli kanye nemidwebo, okudingekayo utamatisi, kuyonakalisa.
  2. Ngokusho kwemithombo ethile, iPeru ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yetamatisi. Le mifino iyinhlonipho kakhulu ekukhuleni. Kuphela, ngokungafani namakhukhamba, akawuthandi ukushisa kwelanga njalo nokuchichima, ukukhetha umoya omusha nokukhanya okungafani. Uma kungenjalo, utamatisi ulahlekelwa ukunambitheka okukhulu.

Yini okufanele ucabangele?

Ukuze uthole isitshalo esihle samatamatisi namakhukhamba lapho utshala ndawonye endlini yokushisa, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezilandelayo zokulima okuhlangene:

  • I-greenhouse kufanele ibe phezulu futhi ibanzi ngokwanele. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenza ukufaka kwesibili.
  • I-greenhouse kumele iqukathe inani elikhulu lamanzi okushicilela emnyangweni we- "utamatisi".

Kudingeka ukhethe izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo:

  • phakathi kwamakhukhamba kufanele kube yizinhlamvu ezingenakugula noma izinhlobo ezibekezelayo;
  • for utamatisi, umswakama kanye nokushisa kahle ukubekezelela.
Kungcono ukubeka i-greenhouse eseceleni ukusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga. Ngakho-ke, ohlangothini oluseningizimu lwe-greenhouse luzokhanya kahle.

Ukukwazi ukufika ngokuhlanganyela

Ukulunywa utamatisi namakhukhamba kwelinye lokushisa kunzima kakhulu futhi kunzima. Lezi zitshalo zemifino azihambisani neze nezidingo zabo zezulu. Imidwebo njalo nokupholisa kungonakalisa isivuno samakhukhamba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, utamatisi onomswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi nomoya angafa nakanjani.

Kodwa kunezinzuzo ezimbili ezingenasisekelo zokulima okuhlanganyelwe:

  • isikhala esilondolozayo kanye nesitshalo esanele (nakuba lesi sigaba sidinga okuthile);
  • Njengomthetho, ukhukhamba kanye utamatisi kunezifo ezihlukahlukene.

Ikhukhamba idinga

Ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu semifino, kufanele ugcine izimo ezithile:

  • Ukutshala ukhukhamba ku-10-15 degrees of heat.
  • Isitshalo nezithelo zithuthuka kangcono emazingeni angu-25-32 degrees Celsius.
  • Ikhukhamba ukukhula iyeka uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphansi kuka-10 noma ngaphezulu kwama-degrees angu-40.
  • Izithelo azipheli ukushisa kwama-35 degrees.
  • Ukushisa kwelanga kungahluka ekushiseni kwemoya okungabi ngaphezu kuka-degrees 2-3.
  • Umswakama womhlabathi akufanele ube ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-85-95.
  • Umswakama womhlabathi kufanele kube ngamaphesenti angama-75-80.
  • Emoyeni owomile, ukhukhamba kufanele uphuze njalo.
  • I-inflorescences encane ezinyathelweni zakuqala zokukhula ayifiseki ukutshala. Futhi akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu lomanyolo ukhukhamba okhula emhlabathini onesihlabathi.
  • Ubuningi be-asidi bomhlaba akufanele bube ne-neutral noma buncane kakhulu.

Kudingeka utamatisi

  • Ukutshala utamatisi kungenzeka kakade ku-8 degrees Celsius.
  • Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amahlumela nezithelo kusuka ku-18-25 degrees.
  • Ukuthuthukiswa kwehlisa izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-15 nangaphezulu kwama-degrees Celsius angama-35.
  • Utamatisi uyakwazi ukumelana kuze kube yizi--1 degrees ezibandayo.
  • Ukungcola komoya nomhlabathi akufanele kudlule ngamaphesenti angu-45-60.
  • Kudingeka ukuphuza imifino ngobuningi, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto.
  • Esikhathini sezulu esishisa kakhulu, ungakwazi amanzi kuze kube izikhathi ezintathu ngesonto.
  • Utamatisi afana nomdwebo omnene, kepha ungabekezeli umoya.
  • I-acidity yenhlabathi, njengekhukhamba, kumele ibe ne-acidic noma ingathathi hlangothi.

Izimo zokufanisa

Isimo esiyinhloko sokutshala okuhlangene kwemifino yisidingo sokwengulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlukanisa hhayi kuphela umjikelezo we-greenhouse, ukuze ukwazi ukudala i-microclimate ehlukene, kodwa futhi nenhlabathi phakathi kwemibhede. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umswakama obuningi ekukhenizeni ukhukhamba awuwi ezimpandeni zika utamatisi. Ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, utamatisi kufanele futhi uhlukaniswe ngamakhukhamba besebenzisa:

  • u-squash;
  • ummbila;
  • amabhontshisi;
  • amagilebhisi noma noma yikuphi okunye "okungenabungozi" kwesitshalo.

Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo

Ukuze kuhlanganiswe izitshalo ezahlukene ezifana no-utamatisi kanye nekhukhamba, kungcono ukhethe utamatisi izinhlobo eziphezulu, ukuvimbela izifo futhi kungadingeki ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Phakathi kwetamatisi.

Impophoma

Ezihlukahlukene ezide nezithelo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukukhiqiza kungafinyelela ku-8 kg.

Nastena

Ngoba lezi zihlukahlukene zibhekwa amajikijolo amakhulu, abomvu, anamafutha. Lezi zinhlobo ziphikisana kakhulu nezifo, zibekezelela kalula umswakama ophezulu nokushisa okuphansi.

Anastasia

Ubude obude phakathi nonyaka-konyaka kunezinhlobo ezibomvu noma ze-burgundy zobungako obuphakathi. Lapho ugcina izimo zokunakekela, unikeza cishe 12 kg kwezitshalo.

I-giant e-raspberry

Izinhlobonhlobo zidumile ngama-pink hues amakhulu. Lezi zinhlobo ziphikisana nezifo nezinambuzane.

I-Diabolic

Ihluke ekukhuleni okuphakeme, ku-1.5 metres, futhi ihlukanise izithelo ezibomvu eziphakathi nendawo. Lezi zinhlobo cishe "aziguli".

Sinikeza ukubukela ividiyo mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi I-Diabolic:

Samara

Ukuvuthwa kokuqala okuvuthiwe ngezithelo ezibomvu eziqhakazile ezingaphazamisi. Okufanelekile kakhulu ukutshalwa kwe-greenhouse.

Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, inhlabathi kufanele iphuze ngexazululo ye-potassium permanganate.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo zekhukhamba izivuno eziphezulu zihlukile.

Ubumnandi

Umbono omude wokuvuthwa kokuqala. Awufanelekile ukukhansela.

Vyaznikovsky 37

Enye yezinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala. Ukuphikisana nezifo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ne-powdery isikhutha.

Umlimi

Ukubukeka kwendawo yonke okufanelekile kokubili ukushisa, nokuvuleka okuvulekile. Uvuthwa izinyanga ezimbili.

Liliput

Izinhlobonhlobo eziphakanyisiwe ezingadingi ukuchelela okuvamile.

Ukuphelela ngokwayo

Eyaziwayo ngemikhiqizo ephezulu efika ku-30 ​​kg ngemitha yesikwele ngasinye.

Rodnichok

Njengomthetho unikeza isivuno esiphezulu futhi simelana nezifo. Okufanelekile kakhulu ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.

Herman

Izinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa zakudala nezithelo ezinkulu ezincane. Ibekezelela ama-frosts asekuqaleni futhi ayikwazi ukubhekana nezifo. Lezi zinhlobo azikhathali.

Indlela yokuhlwanyela kahle?

Ukuvuna okuphumelelayo akugcini nje ngokuhambisana nazo zonke izimo zezulu, kodwa futhi nendlela yokutshala kahle izithombo ezikhulile ngaphambili kusuka kumbewu. Ngaphambi kwalokho udinga ukulungisa kahle i-greenhouse:

  • ukuqhuba ukucwiliswa okuphelele (okungaphezulu kokusingatha imbewu yezihlungi ngaphambi kokutshala, funda izinto ezihlukile);
  • lungisa umhlabathi;
  • ezingeni lama-1-2 wamitha ukusuka ensimini, donsela umugqa we-tether;
  • faka imibhede esitheni sokushisa esingaba ngu-40 cm high futhi cishe ububanzi buka-90 cm.
  • Kumele kanjani ugeze imibhede.
Mhlawumbe uzoba nesithakazelo sokubona izinto zethu kwezinye izindlela zezitshalo zikamamatamatisi ezikhulayo: ekutheni, ngokusebenzisa amaphilisi we-peat, ngaphandle kokukhipha, futhi nangendlela yaseChina.

Indlela yokutshala imifino ayihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Kwenzeke ngokulandela uhlelo olulandelayo:

  • imithombo iyabanjwa emibhedeni inkulu encane kune-sapling;
  • insimu enomhlabathi ebhodweni itshalwe emgodini;
  • Izithombo zitshalwe kude ku-50 cm komunye nomunye emaphethini wokuhlola;
  • ke izithombo zihlanjululwa ngesisombululo esikhethekile sezimpande.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Ungahlukanisa inhlabathi emkhatsini wemibhede ebamba lokushisa ngesizo lensimbi yensimbi lonke ukufika. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema "ukugeleza" kwamanzi lapho uphuza ukhukhamba kuya utamatisi. Kukhona enye indlela yokuhlukanisa isakhiwo. Kulokhu udinga ukudala imibhede emithathu:

  1. Ngokuba ukhukhamba uvumelane engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-greenhouse. Kuyinto epholile kunazo zonke futhi encane kakhulu.
  2. Ukutshala utamatisi kulungile emkhatsini ophakathi, njengoba kungcono kakhulu umoya.
  3. Ensimini engeningizimu, lapho kukhona ilanga nokushisa okukhulu, ungatshala noma yiluphi uhlobo lwepelepele (indlela yokutshala i-pepper kanye no-utamatisi ndawonye?).

Ukuzulazula

Ukudala isimo sakho sezulu, okudingekayo kulezi zitshalo, udinga ukwakha isivinini sokufakelwa phakathi kwabo. Ungakwazi ukwelula ukugoqa kokudla okuvamile phakathi kwemibhede kusukela ezingeni lomhlabathi kuze kube yilapho kuphezu kwamanzi okushisa. Ngaphambi kokubeka igumbi, kunconywa ukuba wenze omunye umnyango ovela ohlangothini oluphambene nendawo yokushisa. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba uhambe kalula kusuka "egumbini" elilodwa elidalwe ngokuhlakanipha elenziwe ngokushisa komunye.

I-Hydrogel

Enye indlela yokuvimbela utamatisi ekutholeni umswakama ngokweqile uma ukuchelela ukhukhamba ukusebenzisa i-hydrogel, equkethe ama-polymers. Uma imanzi, ithola uketshezi futhi yanda kakhulu. Ukwengeza emhlabathini uma utshala ukhukhamba, kuzokwenza kube lula ukunakekelwa kwemifino.

Ukunakekelwa kanjani ekushiseni okushisa kanye nasesitimeni - isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo

Ngokuqokwa okugcwele kwesayithi lokushisa, ukunakekela utamatisi namakhukhamba atshalwe ndawonye akufani nezejwayelekile. Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle samatamatisi, kufanele:

  • amasonto amabili okuqala ngemva kokufika, ukubuka izinga lokushisa lama-20-22 degrees;
  • lapho ilanga likhuthele kakhulu, izithombo zidinga ukuthunjwa kancane;
  • ukuchelela kokuqala akupheli kuka-10 emva kokutshala;
  • Ukuchelela kufanele kube ekuseni noma kusihlwa;
  • ukushisa kwamanzi akufanele kuhluke ekushiseni komhlabathi;
  • i-utamatisi ithuliswa emthonjeni;
  • emva kokuphuza imifino, igumbi lokushisa kufanele likhishwe;
  • kubalulekile ukuhlinzekela ukufinyelela kwezinambuzane nezinyosi zokuvuna imifino yamantathu.

Kulula kakhulu ukunakekela ukhukhamba emibhedeni, udinga ukulandela imithetho embalwa kuphela:

  • izithombo ezincane ziphuza ngamanzi afudumele, ama degree angama-25;
  • emva kokuphuza i-greenhouse, kuyisifiso sokuvuthisa, ukuvumela ukushicilela;
  • lapho ama-ovari wokuqala evela, izinga lokushisa endaweni yokushisa kumele liphakanyiswe kuma-degree angu-28;
  • ukuze isitshalo singakhuli, kufanele wenze i-pinching ngesikhathi.

I-hydrogel - indawo engena endaweni yamanzi

Le-crumb polymer izosiza ukugwema ukuchelela njalo imifino, Kulula kangakanani ukubanakekela:

  • Ama-gramu angu-10 e-hydrogel adinga cishe ama-3 amalitha amanzi;
  • ngaphambi kokutshala insimu inani elincane le-polymer lanezelwa emthonjeni;
  • ke, yitshala lesi sitshalo sibe yikomishi elingu-½ yegelisi eliqediwe;
  • kungenzeka ukuqothula i-crumb, kokubili emanzini, kanye nesisombululo esibuthakathaka somanyolo womanyolo noma wamaminerali.

Umlingo wokugcina umswakama

Enye indlela yokwenza ukunakekelwa kwemifino - zamulchirovanie. Imibhede ibonakala "ihlanganiswa" ngendwangu yokusila utshani noma ukhula ezingeni lika 8 cm, okungeziwe njengoba limile. I-mulch igcina umswakama, okunciphisa inani lokuchelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubola, ingqimba engezansi yengubo enjalo igcina ukushisa, kubaluleke kakhulu kumakhukhamba.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Esinye sezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuvuneni okukhulu kwemifino yi-fertilizer ekhethiwe kahle. Kuyasiza izitshalo ukuba ziqine futhi zingamelana nesimo sezulu esibi noma isifo. Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokutshala ukhukhamba:

  • Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili emva kokutshala. I-litre ye-slurry ihlanjululwe ngamalitha ayisishiyagalolunye amanzi kanye ne-inflorescences ifakwe emibhedeni.
  • Isikhathi sesibili imifino ihlwanyiswa phakathi nenkathi yayo yezimbali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ku-10 amalitha amanzi udinga ukuhlunga isipuni esingu-1 somlotha nokukhipha ukhukhamba.
  • Okwesithathu kwenziwa ukugqoka lapho izithelo ezivuthiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukulungiselela i-gum kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa - 2 amalitha ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi. Spray kufanele kube izimpande zesitshalo.
  • Umquba wesine yemifino ikuvumela ukuba unwebe i-fruiting yayo.
Kubalulekile! Yeka ukondla ukhukhamba kudingeka amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna.

Ukwenziwa komanyolo utamatisi kwenzeka ngosizo lwezingxube ezikhethekile, ezithathelwa ezimpandeni zezitshalo:

  1. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenzeka ekuqaleni kukaJune. Ukulungisa ikhambi kuzodinga:

    • Isipuni 1 nitrofoski;
    • 0.5 mullein;
    • 0.5 isipuni se-boric acid;
    • Amaphilisi amabili ama-micronutrients;
    • 10 amalitha amanzi.
  2. Umanyolo usetshenziswa ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJulayi. Ukuze ulungise ingxube oyidingayo:

    • Amaphilisi amabili ama-micronutrients;
    • 0.5 mullein;
    • Isipuni 1 se-potassium sulfate;
    • 10 amalitha amanzi.

Ukulwa nokuvimbela izinambuzane nezifo

Njengezinye izitshalo eziningi, ukhukhamba kanye utamatisi zihambisana nezifo ezihlukahlukene nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane.

  • Izinambuzane zivame ukuhlala phakathi nokhula ezikhula eduze nemifino. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukususa utshani obuningi emibhedeni yemifino nokuzungeze ukushisa.
  • Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukhukhamba kanye utamatisi kufanele kuphathwe ngezixazululo ezikhethekile ezenza izitshalo zingathinti izinambuzane.
  • Futhi, ukususwa okufika ngesikhathi kwamagatsha okugula kuyosiza ekugwemeni ukufa okuphelele kwezitshalo.

Noma kunjalo, uma insimu yekhishi ekhishini ivumela noma kunezithombo zokugcina ezimbili, kungcono ukwandisa ukhukhamba ngokwehlukana no-utamatisi. Noma khetha okunye okuhambisana nayo ngayinye yazo izitshalo nemifino. Isibonelo, ukhukhamba "uzizwa" ngokuzenzekelayo eceleni kwepelepele noma izithelo zomzimba, kanti utamatisi "ukhetha" umakhelwane weklabishi omhlophe.