Apple "Melba" ingenye yezinhlobo zakudala phakathi kwezihlahla zama-apula zanamuhla. Kwaqalwa ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili e-Ottawa.
Uyazi? Umuthi ubizwa ngegama lomculi we-opera ovelele wase-Australia, owakubonisa ubuciko bokuthi ubuciko be-Canadian breeders.
I-apple tree isakazeka cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, phakathi kwamazwe angaphambili e-USSR ethandwa kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu zaseRussia, e-Ukraine naseBelarus.
Apple "Melba": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo
Izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-Apple "Melba" Lapho echaza, ukunakwa kudonsela kwikhwalithi yesithelo. Zingaba zikhulu kakhulu, zifinyelele ku-150 g, zibe nesimo esizungezile, sibheke esisekelweni, nesithunzi esihle sombala. Isici sesici salezi apula kukhona ukukhwabanisa kwamandla abo. Umbala wezithelo uhlaza okuluhlaza, kamuva - ophuzi, ophethe "ohlangothini obomvu" obomvu namacwecwe amhlophe angaphansi kwesigcawu. Inyama iyamanzi, i-snow-white. Ukunambitheka kwe-apple yama-Melba kuyiphunga ngokumuncu okumnandi kanye nokunambitheka okungafani nokuphunga kwamaswidi, okuvumela ukuba ibe yinto enhle kakhulu engavamile yamakhemikhali, ama-jams kanye nama-compotes ahlukahlukene.
Ama-apula aseMelba athile kakhulu e-ascorbic acid, ewumzimba onamandla wokuzivikela, ikakhulukazi okudingekayo ekuvimbeleni izifo zokuphefumula. Futhi ezitshalweni zale apula kukhona izinto ze-pectin ezizinzisa izinqubo ze-redox emzimbeni. Apple "Melba" ine-height tree tree height. I-columnar eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, esikhathini esizayo umuthi uyanda futhi uthathe uhlobo lwebhola.
Umbala omncane wegark umhlobiso omuthi omdala - obomvu. Amaqabunga ayama-oval, ahlukaniswe kancane futhi aphihliwe. Izimbali zinhle kakhulu, zimhlophe futhi zibomvana, zihlume - ziphethe i-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukuvunwa kwe-Apple kuqala ukunikeza, kuye ngesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu, kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti kuya maphakathi no-September. Ukuze ulondoloze isikhathi eside, kungcono ukususa ama-apula angavuthiwe nesitolo esiqandisini noma emiphongolweni.
Umuthi we-Apple ubonisa i-skoroplodnost ephakeme kakhulu. Ukunakekelwa okuhle kukuvumela ukuthi uqale ukuvuna iminyaka engu-3-4 emva kokutshala. Ngenkathi i-apula isencane, ihlinzeka ngo-85 kg wezitshalo minyaka yonke, kepha "izikhathi zokuphumula" ziqala ukuvela ngobudala.
"UMelba" akanalo ubumnandi obusika obuhle futhi angase ahlupheke ngokushisa okukhulu. Futhi, le ezihlukahlukene ze-apula zithinteka kalula.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ezisekelwe ku "Melby"
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-20 zama-apula, ezakhiwe ngokuhlanganyela "kwe-Melby". Abanye babo baphakeme kunabo "ukhokho" wabo kokubili ukuphikisa isikhumba kanye nesithwathwa esinamandla, futhi ngesayizi nokunambitheka kwezithelo.
Ngakho, eNyakatho-West yaseRussia, iRed Melba noMalokazana kaMelba zivamile.
Ukukhethwa kwezidakamizwa, lapho, ngaphandle kweMelba, i-apula "I-Autumn Joy", i-Pepin Saffron, i-Bellefle-Chita, ne-Purple Ranetka, yavunyelwa ngo-1958 ukuletha izinhlobo ezidumile ezihlonishwayo, ezibhekene nokumelana nokubandayo kanye nokuzivikela okukhulu kwezifo nezinambuzane.
Abalimi baseMelika ngesisekelo sikaMelba bred Apple Prima, ngenxa i-Vf ifulegi cishe ayifinyeleleka scab.
I-Caravel iyinhlobonhlobo ye-apula yaseCanada, nayo ibheka ukubonakala kwayo kuMelbe. Kuyinto ebusika-eqinile, ihlukile ekutheni ukunambitheka okuningi kwezithelo nokuvuthwa kwangaphambili.
Okokugcina, i-Aloe Vera yokuqala ne-Red Aloe Vera yizinhlobonhlobo ezakhiwe ngabakhiqizi baseRussia be-VNIIS okuthiwa yi-IV Michurin (uPapirova wabamba iqhaza ekwakheni owokuqala, ngaphandle kukaMelba, uPapirovka owaba nengxenye, kwesibili).
Apple "Melba": izici zokufika
Izihlahla ze-Apple ziyisihlahla eside. Ukuphila okujwayelekile okujwayelekile kubo kuyiminyaka engu-70-80.
Uyazi? I-Legend ithi umuthi we-apula, ohlwanyelwe ngo-1647, ukhula futhi uveza ngisho nezithelo eManhattan.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze umuthi uphile isikhathi eside, udinga ukwazi nokuthi ungayitshala kanjani nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani.
I-Apple "i-Melba", njengezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula, ingahlwanyelwa uma sekuwa, ngemuva kokuwa kwamahlamvu, noma entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuphuza. Kodwa-ke, kuzo zombili izimo kubalulekile ukuba ungasheshi.
Kukholelwa ukuthi ukutshala isihlahla ekwindla kuyinto engcono kakhulu, ngoba kulokhu izimpande zenzalo, ezonakaliswa ngokumba, zinesikhathi sokuphumula ngesikhathi sasebusika, kanti entwasahlobo umuthi usuvele usungenelela izakhi.
Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokushisa esifundeni ebusika liwela ngezansi -20 °, kungcono ukunikeza intandokazi entwasahlobo yokutshala kwe-apula.
"Indlela yokutshala i-apula emthonjeni waseMelba?" - umbuzo obalulekile. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngenkathi Ukuqapha okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe ekutheni ukuphuza njalo nokuninginjengoba ukomisa kunganciphisa ukukhula kwesithombo futhi kwandise amandla ayo ezinambuzane nezifo.
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika
Njengoba umuthi wama-apula "uMelba" uzwela kakhulu emaqabunga amakhulu, cabanga ngesimo sezulu esithile esifundeni sakho ngaphambi kokuba uhlale kulezi zihlukahlukene.
Uma ukhetha indawo yokutshala, khumbula ukuthi akufanele kube khona amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kungenjalo entwasahlobo izogeza izimpande zesithombo, isihlahla sizoqala ukubola futhi sizofa ngesivinini. Ukuze ugweme le ngozi, sebenzisa amagquma wemvelo ngokutshala izihlahla ze-apula. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, zama ukukhipha umswakama ongaphezu kokusebenzisa iziteshi ezitholwe ngokucophelela.
Kufanele kube inhlabathi yokutshala
Inhlabathi enobuningi obuningi bomhlabathi kanye nesihlabathi esivamile kakhulu kufanelekile kulezi zinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula, ngoba isihlabathi sinikeza ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen ohlelweni lwempande. Uma inhlabathi yemvelo endaweni okuhloswe ngayo yokutshala ayihlangabezani nemfuneko ecacisiwe, kuyadingeka ukuba uthele isihlabathi, bese uphahlaza, ulandelwe ungqimba lwe-compost ngaphansi komgodi owumbelwe izithombo ze-apula ze-apula. Kulo mhlabathi, umuthi ugula kancane futhi unikeza isivuno esikhulu.
Apple ukutshala ubuchwepheshe
Ukuze umqhele we-apula ube nesikhala esanele sokukhula nokukhanyisa, ngokuvuna nokuvuthwa kwezithelo, ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe lisuka ku-3 ukuya ku-8 m. 
Umgodi wokutshala ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Kumele kube ngamamitha ububanzi kanye no-70-80 cm ejulile, kuye ngokuthi uhlelo lwempande lwensimu ethile. Ngaphansi kwegodini ngokushesha wabeka amathini namagobolondo ama-walnut. Izwe elivuliwe lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili - isendlalelo esingaphansi ne-fertile engenhla.
Ukutshala i-apple tree kumele kube ngamasonto angu-1-2. Okokuqala, ingqimba engezansi yensimbi ithululelwa emgodini, ke-engenhla, ifakwe i-peat ne-humus. Ungakhohlwa ukunyathela phansi kancane umgodi lapho ulele.
Uma isithombo sincane kakhulu, ungakwazi ukumba induku noma enye insizakalo emhlabathini, lapho ungakwazi ukubopha khona isihlahla ukuze usivikele ekuphefumuleni okuqinile emoyeni.
Masinyane emva kokutshala, umuthi kufanele uthululwe ngobuningi ngamanzi.
Izici zokunisela, ukudla nokunakekela inhlabathi
Ukuze uthole impilo kanye nokuvuna okuhle kwezihlahla zama-apula kaMelba, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela kokutshala nokunakekelwa okufanele.
Ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo ezayo, emva kokutshala, kuyadingeka kabili - ngemuva kokuba amahlumela avuleke futhi ngaphambi nje kokukhula kwefihlekile - ukuhlanza isihlahla ngamalungiselelo okusiza ukuvikela isitshalo ezinambuzaneni.
Yondla ipulazi ehlwanyelwe kahle ukuqala ngeminyaka emithathu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa imifino ephilayo - umquba noma i-humus. Ama-ash, amaqabunga amhlophe kanye nohlaza obomile nawo afaneleka ukugqoka okuphezulu, okufakwa ngqo emhlabathini ozungeza isiqu somuthi.
Ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukumba umhlabathi eduze kwe-apula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufinyelela kwe-oksijeni nama-fertilizer ezimpandeni zayo. Ukuhlanza i-apula emkhatsini wekwindla kuyakuvikela ekutheni izinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Udinga ukuphuza i-apula njalo njalo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ehlobo lokuqala emva kokutshala.
Indlela yokusika umuthi we-apula ngendlela efanele, ukwakheka komqhele
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwakha umqhele wesihlahla ngokusika izihlahla ezifanele, lokhu kuyisihluthulelo somkhiqizo ophezulu.
Kubalulekile! Kudingekile ukugoba izihlahla ezindala nezincane!
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-apula kufanele ihlolwe ngokucophelela, isuse amagatsha amadala futhi unciphise konke okunye. Ikhuthaza ukukhula komuthi. Izithelo ezinhle zihamba ngamagatsha amancane, ngakho ungesabi ukusika kakhulu. Imifino enamandla kakhulu futhi ukulayisha ngokweqile umuthi ngezithelo ezingadingekile yisitha sokuvuna!
Uma engekho amancane amahlumela amancane amahlumela kufanele ahlulwe ngamamitha ayisithupha ukusuka emhlabathini. Amahlumela aso anqunywe ukuphakama kwe-0.5 m. Qinisekisa ukususa amagatsha angeke akwazi ukumelana nobunzima bama-apula - konke okukhula nge-acute angle kusuka esihlahleni. Eminyakeni elandelayo, isimiso sokusika izihlahla sigcinwa okufanayo: udinga ukwakha amasipha omuthi, ushiye amahlumela aqine kakhulu ukuze enze i-angle enkulu kunazozonke nge-trunk. Amagatsha aphansi anganqunywa, ashiye cishe u-30 cm, phezulu - ngisho nakakhulu. I-trunk esemqoka kufanele ibe yi-15-20 cm ephakeme kunamahlumela alandelayo. Ngemuva kokuthi umuthi we-apula ufinyelele eminyakeni emihlanu ubudala, ukuqina kwezihlahla kufanele kunciphise, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi unganciphisa kakhulu ukukhula.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvuna okuhle kungaletha kuphela umuthi onomqhele ohlotshiswe kahle futhi ohlangene, lapho wonke amagatsha anikezwa isikhala esanele nokukhanya!
Apple "Melba": izinzuzo nezindleko ezihlukahlukene
I-apula yesihlahla salo mhlobonhlobo inegama elihle phakathi kwabalimi banamuhla. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zalo yilezikhathi zokuqala zokuvuthwa nokuvunwa okuphezulu. Ama-apula alezi zinhlobonhlobo, ngaphezu kokunambitheka kakhulu nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini kanye nezici zokulandelela kuzo, babe ne-presentation enhle kakhulu, ukubekezelela ngokwanele ukuhamba nokugcinwa kahle.
Phakathi kokungaphumeleli kwalolu hlobo kufanele kubekwe ukubekezelelana okuphansi kweqhwa nokuthambekela kokutheleleka ngesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-apula yama-Melba ayihambisani kahle ne-self-pollination, futhi ihlose ukuthela izithelo njalo ngonyaka, konke lokhu kusho izinhlobo ezincane.
Indlela yokulungisa i-apula ngesihlahla sasebusika
Ukuphikiswa kweqhwa eliphansi lomuthi wase-apula waseMelba kubeka izidingo ezikhethekile zokulungiselela umuthi ebusika. Ngokufaka isiqu se-apula ngesi-agrofibre, i-burlap noma enye indwangu, ungasiza isihlahla se-apula sisinde emakhazeni futhi sikuvikele emagundeni nasogwaja. Kudingekile ukugwema ukusebenzisa le njongo ingubo emnyama, ngaphandle kwalokho ngezikhathi zokugwedla amagxolo e-apula angase aphele.
Uma inani elikhulu leqhwa liwa, lingaba ipodgresti esihlahleni se-apula njengesimo seqhwa leqhwa, okuyilokho, elivutha umuthi, ngakolunye uhlangothi - liqinisekisa ukuthambisa kwemvelo entwasahlobo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa neqhwa, iqhwa eliqhakazile lingase lenze i-ice crust elizungeze i-apula, okungenjalo kufanele kuvunyelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi ungafa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-oxygen ohlelweni lwempande. Apple "Melba" - ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ekukhuleni ensimini. Ngokunakekelwa kahle, kuzokunikeza isivuno esikhulu iminyaka eminingi.
