Kulabo abafuna ukuthola ngokushesha isivuno sezitamatisi esihlwabusayo kakhulu, kukhona i-hybrid evuthiwe yokuqala, ibizwa ngokuthi "Hali-Gali". Lolu hlobo ngeke lubangele noma yikuphi ubunzima ekukhuleni.
U-Khali-Gali wabizwa eRussia, ochwepheshe baseSiberia, wathola ukubhaliswa kwesimo sombuso njengesixube esinconyelwe ukulima emhlabathini ongaphephile kanye nezindawo zokukhosela zefilimu ngo-2003. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwadingeka ukuba abalimi nabahlali basehlobo bafune isidingo esinzima.
Incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobonhlobo nezici zayo zingatholakala esihlokweni sethu.
Utamatisi "Isimo-Ghali": incazelo ehlukahlukene
Igama leBanga | Isimo sibi kakhulu |
Incazelo jikelele | Izinhlobonhlobo zezithelo zomatamatisi ezivuthiwe zakudala |
Umsunguli | I-Russia |
Ukuvusa | Izinsuku ezingu-85-105 |
Ifomu | Konke, nge-spout ehlukile |
Umbala | Olubomvu |
Isisindo esijwayelekile samatamatisi | 70-120 amagremu |
Isicelo | I-Universal |
Ukukhiqiza izinhlobo | 3 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
Izici zokukhula | Kudinga ukuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa |
Izifo zokuphikisa | Ukuphikisana nezifo ezinkulu |
Lesi yisibambiso esivuthiwe sokuqala, kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala kabusha ekubukeni kwezithelo zokuvuthwa zokuqala, izinsuku ezingu-85-105 zidlule. Inemifino efanayo F1. Bush ibalulekile, ejwayelekile. Mayelana namamitha ase-indeterminantny funda lapha.
Njengemifino eminingi yanamuhla, imelana kahle nezifo ezifayo kanye nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Hali-Gali zotamatisi zinconywa ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa eziningi zitshalwe ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kanye nezithombo zokugcina, emgodini, ngenxa yokukhula kwesitshalo se-50-90 cm.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Phakathi kwezimfanelo ezinhle eziyinhloko zale nothi ye-hybrid:
- ukumelana nokushisa okushisa;
- ikhono lokukhula ebhaleni endaweni yokuhlala emadolobheni;
- ukubekezelelana ngokuntuleka komswakama;
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- okuqukethwe ushukela ophezulu.
Phakathi kweziphambeko kungabonakala ukuthi akuyona isivuno esikhulu kakhulu kanye nezidingo zokudla.
Izimfihlo zokunakekela izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezinezivuno eziphezulu kanye nokuzivikela okuhle?
Izici
Izithelo zalezi zinhlobo zinesici esisodwa esibonakalayo ekubukeni, luhlobo lwephunga ekugcineni. Ngalesi sici sangaphandle singahlukaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuvuthwa kokuqala nokumelana nokushisa okushisa.
Uma ukhula utamatisi wase-Hali-Gali ensimini, kuze kufike ku-3 kg utamatisi ungavuna kusuka ehlathini ngalinye, ngesilinganiso sokutshala okuphakanyiswayo esingu-3-4 esihlahleni semitha ngayinye. m, ngaleyo ndlela, ikhuphukela ku-12 kg.
Ungaqhathanisa le nkhomba ngezinye izinhlobo ngezansi:
Igama leBanga | Ukuthela |
Isimo sibi kakhulu | 3 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
Ugaxekile we-pink | 20-25 kg imitha ngayinye |
I-Pink Lady | 25 kg ngayinye imitha yesikwele |
U-Red Guard | 3 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
Ukuqhuma | 3 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
Umuntu ovilaphayo | 15 kg ngayinye imitha yesikwele |
Batyana | 6 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
Isigubhu segolide | 15-20 kg ngomitha wesikwele ngasinye |
Ushukela olubomvu | 6-7 kg imitha ngayinye |
Crystal | 9.5-12 kg ngamitha yendawo ngayinye |
Kuzo zokugcina izithombo, umphumela uphakeme ngo-20-30%, okungukuthi, cishe ngo-15 kg. Lokhu akuyona inkomba yokurekhoda, kepha nokho akuyona embi kakhulu, kunikezwe ukukhula okuphansi kwesitshalo.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe zibomvu ngokuma, zenziwe ngesimo. Izindwangu zamatamatisi zisuka kuma-70 kuya kwangu-120 amagremu, lapho isivuno sokuqala singafinyelela ku-180-200. Inombolo yamakamelo ayi-3-5, okuqukethwe okomile kufinyelele ku-5%, ushukela u-2.6%. Kuloluphawu lwezithelo zomuthi utamatisi elithi "Hali-Ghali" kufanele lengezwe ukuthi izithelo eziqoqiwe zingagcinwa isikhathi eside futhi zibekezeleleke kahle ezokuthutha.
Isisindo sesithelo kwezinye izinhlobonhlobo utamatisi singabonakala etafuleni:
Igama leBanga | Izithelo isisindo |
Isimo sibi kakhulu | 70-120 amagremu |
Fatima | 300-400 amagremu |
I-Verlioka | 80-100 amagremu |
Ukuqhuma | 120-260 amagremu |
I-Altai | 50-300 amagremu |
I-Caspar | 80-120 amagremu |
I-jinglejisjibha | 150 amagremu |
I-Grapefruit | 600 amagremu |
Diva | 120 amagremu |
U-Red Guard | 230 amagremu |
Buyan | 100-180 amagremu |
U-Irina | 120 amagremu |
Umuntu ovilaphayo | 300-400 amagremu |
Izithelo zika "Khali-Ghali" zihlanzekile kakhulu futhi zizoba umhlobiso kunoma iyiphi ithebula. Benza ijusi elimnandi kakhulu ne-puree, lokhu kutholakala ngenxa yokuqukethwe okushukela ophezulu. Kungasetshenziselwa ukukhanda ekhaya kanye nokukhethwa komgqomo.
Isithombe
Bheka isithombe sesitamatisi "Hali-Ghali":
Izici zokukhula
I-trunk ehlathini idinga i-garter, futhi amagatsha asezintweni ziyisimo esidingekayo ukuze amagatsha angaphumi. Yakhiwe ngeziqu ezintathu, uma isitshalo singenhlabathi engavikelekile, uma kusetshenziselwa ukushisa noma ebhaleni, bese kuba ngamabili. Uthanda ukudla okunzima.
Utamatisi ezihlukahlukene "Khali-Ghali" zifanelekile kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu futhi kunconywa ukutshala esifundeni saseNyakatho Caucasus, kukhona isivuno esiphezulu. Kwezinye izindawo eziseningizimu nazo zikhula kahle. Emgwaqweni ophakathi kunconywa ukumboza ifilimu. Kwezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho zezwe likhula kuphela ezindlini zokugcina izitshalo.
Izici ezimbili ezibalulekile zezamatamatisi ezikhulayo ziwumhlabathi nomanyolo. Sikulungiselele izihloko eziningi eziwusizo ngalesi sihloko:
- Indlela yokuzimela ngokuzimela umhlabathi utamatisi.
- Yimuphi umhlabathi ofanele izithombo nezitshalo ezindala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.
- Yiziphi izinhlobo zomhlabathi utamatisi ezikhona.
- Ama-organic, amaminerali, ama-phosphoric nama-fertilizer alungile.
- Ukondla izithombo, uma ukhetha, u-foliar, TOP kakhulu.
- Indlela yokusebenzisa njengomquba womanyolo, imvubelo, i-iodine, i-hydrogen peroxide, i-ammonia, i-boric acid.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukunisela okulungile, ukukhulula, ukuhlanganisa. Zonke lezi zindlela zokulima zilula, kodwa zisiza ukufeza imiphumela efunayo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Labo abavuna iHal-Ghali bavame ukubhekana nezifo, ngoba i-hybrid ayinamathele kuningi labo. Ngaphambi kwezihlahla zalesi sitshalo kudinga ukunakekelwa okufanele.
Izinyathelo ezinjengokuhambisa izithombo zokugcina izitshalo, ukuhambisana nombuso wokunisela nokukhanya, ukukhulula inhlabathi kuyoba usizo oluhle kakhulu. Into esemqoka iyoqeda isidingo sokusebenzisa amakhemikhali lapho kwenzeka izifo, okuzokwenza kube nomthelela ekungcoleni kwemvelo komkhiqizo.
Kodwa-ke, ulwazi mayelana nezifo eziyinhloko zika utamatisi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nezinyathelo zokulwa nazo kungase kube usizo kuwe. Funda konke nge-Alternaria, i-Fusarium, i-Verticilliasis ne-Blight. Futhi futhi ekuvikelweni kwezitshalo ezivela ku-phytophthora nezinhlobonhlobo ezingenaso lesi sifo.
I-tomato plantings ingasongelwa yizinambuzane ezifana ne-Colorado amazambane beetle, i-aphid, i-thrips, i-spider izibungu, ama-slugs. Ama-insecticide azosiza ukuqeda izinambuzane, kodwa kunezinye izindlela. Ungafunda ngabo ezihlokweni zethu: ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani ne-Colorado bezambane beetle kanye nezibungu zalo, ukususa kanjani ama-aphid kanye nama-thrips, ukuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukubukeka kwezibungu zesicabucabu. Futhi futhi, zonke izindlela ezikhona zokubhekana namashubhu.
Isiphetho
Njengalokhu kulandela incazelo yezitamatisi "Hali-Ghali", lokhu akuyona ukubukeka okuyinkimbinkimbi nokungahloniphi ukukhathalela. Ngisho nalabo ababhekana nokulimala utamatisi okokuqala bahlangabezana nayo. Inhlanhla namaqoqo amahle utamatisi amahle.
Etafuleni elingezansi uzothola izixhumanisi ezinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi zokuvuthwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene:
I-Superearly | Phakathi nonyaka | Ngaphambi kokuqala |
ULeopold | Nikola | I-Supermodel |
Schelkovsky ekuqaleni | Demidov | Budenovka |
UMongameli 2 | Persimmon | I-F1 enkulu |
Liana Pink | Uju noshukela | Ikhadineli |
I-locomotive | I-Pudovik | Bhala isikhwama |
I-Sanka | I-Rosemary pound | King Penguin |
Isimangaliso sesinamoni | INkosi yobuhle | I-Emerald Apple |